What is Linen?

March 4, 2026

Introduction

Linen is one of the oldest textile types in the world and is made from the fibers of the flax plant. The material is known for its strength, breathability and distinctive appearance. Throughout history, linen was widely used for clothing, underwear and household textiles.

What is linen?

Linen is made from flax fibers, derived from the stems of the flax plant (Linum usitatissimum). After harvesting, the fibers are retted, broken, hackling and spun into yarn. This yarn is then woven into linen fabric.

The result is a fabric that:

is strong,
has little stretch,
breathes well,
absorbs and releases moisture quickly.

Historical background

Linen was already used in ancient Egypt (around 3000 BC), where it played an important role in clothing and mummification. It continued to play a central role until the 19th century.

Linen was popular because it:

could be grown locally,
was hygienic,
could be washed well,
was pleasant to wear in warm climates.

Properties of linen

Linen has a number of distinctive properties:

highly breathable and cool,
strong and durable,
absorbs a lot of moisture without feeling damp,
dries quickly,
has little elasticity,
wrinkles easily.

The typical wrinkle is not a flaw, but a natural property of flax fibers.

Linen in historical re-enactment and modern applications

In re-enactment, linen is often used for:

undergarments,
shirts,
trousers,
dresses,
headgear.

For strict historical accuracy, 100% linen is usually recommended, but most groups also accept cotton-linen blend or even cotton.
In less strict settings or at LARP events, cotton is sometimes chosen, although linen is ideal at festivals during warm summer days.