Anatomy of a Medieval Sword
The anatomy of a medieval sword consists of different parts, each with their own function. Swords have a blade and a hilt, with the hilt divided into different components.
Blade
The most important part of a sword is the blade. The blade is the part of the sword that is used for cutting and thrusting. It's important that a blade is flexible, so it doesn't break during use.
Due to the hardness of the sides of the blade, sharpness is maintained and the point is designed for thrusting.
Tang
The blade has a narrow extension, called the tang. The tang is used to attach the blade to the hilt.
Fuller
Most medieval swords have a groove running along the length of the blade, which is called the fuller. The fuller serves both to stiffen the blade and to make it lighter. Some blades are diamond-shaped and have a central ridge instead of a groove.
Crossguard
Below the blade is the guard or crossguard. This is the separation between the blade and the hilt. The function of the crossguard is to protect the hands of the wielder, as it prevents the wielder's hands from slipping onto the blade. It can also be used to block and deflect a blow from an opponent.
Grip
Below the crossguard is the hilt or grip of the sword. This is where the user places their hands when using the sword. The hilt is often made of wood, but sometimes also of steel. To ensure a good grip on the hilt, it is usually wrapped with leather.
Pommel
The pommel is an enlarged fitting at the end of the hilt. It was originally designed to prevent the sword from slipping out of the wielder's hands. The weight of the pommel also acts as a counterweight for the blade, making the sword easier to handle. Depending on the sword's design and sword fighting style, the pommel can be used to strike an opponent.
Pommels come in a wide variety of shapes and can be decorated with engravings or inlays.
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