Saxes

Seax of sax: use by Germans and Vikings

The seax, also known as sax, is among the most characteristic knives from the early Middle Ages and was worn by various Germanic and later also Viking peoples. This single-edged knife was not only a practical tool but also a full-fledged weapon that had a fixed place in the warrior culture of Northern Europe. The seax was usually worn horizontally on the belt, allowing it to be quickly drawn during a fight or in daily tasks.

Shape of the sax

Although the shape could vary greatly by region and time period, a seax is recognizable by its long blade with one cutting edge, a sturdy tang, and a handle made of wood, horn, or bone. Many finds show that the knives were simply designed, but in some burial fields, richly decorated examples have been found, indicating that the seax also served as a status symbol.

From the 5th century, various types of seaxes became popular. Not only broad, powerful knives for combat use, but later also narrower, longer versions more suitable for quick thrusts and precise cuts. In Anglo-Saxon England, a recognizable subtype even developed: the broken-back seax, with a sharp angle in the back of the blade. Some of these are adorned with inscriptions or patterns that emphasize craftsmanship and cultural significance.

The seax among the Vikings

In Scandinavia, the seax also remained in use for a long time. Vikings gave the knife its own place within their arsenal, where it functioned alongside swords, axes, and spears. It was used both in daily life and in war situations. The presence of seaxes in significant graves shows that this knife was a valuable part of the equipment, sometimes even with spiritual significance.

For reenactors, collectors, and anyone seeking an authentic historical knife, the seax remains a fascinating and versatile weapon from Europe's past.